The Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll is the first global study of perceptions and experiences of risk to people’s safety.
The findings of the 2021 World Risk Poll are based on over 125,000 interviews conducted by Gallup in 121 countries, including places where little or no official data exists, giving a voice to millions of the world’s citizens.
This second edition of the Poll builds on the first Poll findings from 2019 and provides a direct comparison between how people around the world perceive risks and how they experience them. These insights, published across four themed reports, will be used by governments, regulators, businesses, communities, NGOs, researchers, and international bodies to inform and target policies and interventions that save lives and help people feel safer.
Watch our video introducing the 2021 World Risk Poll
NEW
2021 World Risk Poll – Report 4
Globally, violence and harassment at work remains a problem. Understanding experiences across countries and demographics around the world allows businesses, governments, and communities to develop relevant policies to prevent harassment for millions of people during their working lives.
2021 World Risk Poll – Report 3
The use of personal data and artificial intelligence (AI) has grown exponentially in recent years, as more governments, businesses and organisations look to provide smarter and more tailored solutions for their people, customers, and stakeholders. However, this innovation is not without risk.
2021 World Risk Poll – Report 2
Communities across the world are feeling the impact of natural and human-made hazards, whether that’s climate change, or the result of industrial, social, or environmental impacts.
2021 World Risk Poll – Report 1
In the first of four reports, the World Risk Poll reveals the differences between people’s worries about, and experiences of risk before and after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Resilience Index
Explore the World Risk Poll Resilience Index, synthesising the results from the 2021 World Risk Poll report on how prepared countries around the world are to deal with shocks.
Latest News and Comment
News & Press
Latin American governments among the least trusted to deal with a disaster, global report shows
News & Press
Public confidence in disaster preparedness of European governments is low, according to global analysis
News & Press
Major study finds poor infrastructure resilience damaging public confidence in disaster preparedness of East African local governments
Expert Comment
Improving household preparedness in multi-hazard contexts
Expert Comment
Analysing risk perception and preparedness to develop effective disaster risk communication strategies
Expert Comment
What can we learn from different perspectives on risk?
A world of risk: country overviews
Explore the everyday risks people face in different countries
The World Risk Poll provides us with a lot of very interesting information about how people perceive their risk internationally and we haven’t had that so far. We need more widespread risk interventions across the world and we hope that the World Risk Poll will contribute to generating more action by policymakers, as well as encourage individuals to speak up and demand more action.
Dr. Etienne KrugDirector, Department for Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organisation
The World Risk Poll gives us the first ever global view of people’s attitudes and awareness of the risks posed by unfit food and drink. By understanding how people view food safety risks, what they worry about and what they never consider, we can create interventions that are relatable and practical so people can act in their interests and keep safe and healthy.
Markus LippUnited Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation
The insight from the World Risk Poll shines a light for the first time on the links between happiness and feeling safe and free from the worries that risks create.
Jeffrey SachsSustainable Development Solutions Network, publishers of The World Happiness Report
Understanding people’s fears, means we can work with technology companies and regulators to ensure they understand the importance of protecting human rights through the technology they develop, in order to make people feel safe as well as be safe. It also allows us to equip people with the knowledge to know where the risks as well as the benefits of technology exist.
Philip HowardOxford Internet Institute
The World Risk Poll is a truly heroic endeavour with a reach and range never seen before. The results show both the vast differences as well as the similarities in how people across the globe perceive and experience risks. This makes the World Risk Poll uniquely useful for those concerned with empowering people to take actions that makes them be and feel safer.
Paul SlovicUniversity of Oregon
The World Risk Poll highlights the scale of risk experienced by the millions of agricultural workers across the world. The risks extend well beyond the fields and plantations, with terrible injuries experienced in plants that process harvested crops.
Sabdiyo DidoAlliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA)
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Lloyd’s Register Foundation is a Registered Charity (Reg. no. 1145988) and limited company (Reg. no. 7905861) registered in England and Wales, and owner of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited.
Copyright © Lloyd’s Register Foundation, 2023
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The Experience of Harm Index
| Nation | Experience Index | Experience Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 31.48 | 21 |
| Albania | 20.12 | 60 |
| Algeria | 21.67 | 49 |
| Argentina | 16.38 | 81 |
| Armenia | 9.88 | 123 |
| Australia | 16.19 | 83 |
| Austria | 12.77 | 104 |
| Azerbaijan | 8.01 | 132 |
| Bahrain | 20.80 | 55 |
| Bangladesh | 15.06 | 91 |
| Belarus | 7.76 | 134 |
| Belgium | 13.43 | 102 |
| Benin | 31.34 | 22 |
| Bolivia | 20.85 | 53 |
| Bosnia Herzegovina | 10.40 | 118 |
| Botswana | 22.35 | 46 |
| Brazil | 23.30 | 44 |
| Bulgaria | 5.84 | 138 |
| Burkina Faso | 22.72 | 45 |
| Cambodia | 16.54 | 80 |
| Cameroon | 30.52 | 26 |
| Canada | 19.51 | 64 |
| Chad | 36.04 | 10 |
| Chile | 17.48 | 74 |
| China | 6.46 | 137 |
| Colombia | 20.81 | 54 |
| Congo Brazzaville | 36.35 | 7 |
| Costa Rica | 17.27 | 75 |
| Croatia | 12.00 | 108 |
| Cyprus | 14.32 | 95 |
| Denmark | 10.96 | 116 |
| Dominican Republic | 25.79 | 34 |
| Ecuador | 17.54 | 73 |
| Egypt | 11.88 | 111 |
| El Salvador | 20.76 | 56 |
| Estonia | 9.67 | 126 |
| Ethiopia | 22.18 | 48 |
| Finland | 14.69 | 93 |
| France | 12.40 | 106 |
| Gabon | 36.51 | 6 |
| Georgia | 11.38 | 114 |
| Germany | 12.50 | 105 |
| Ghana | 31.02 | 25 |
| Greece | 12.06 | 107 |
| Guatemala | 26.39 | 33 |
| Guinea | 29.20 | 30 |
| Honduras | 21.59 | 51 |
| Hong Kong | 9.51 | 128 |
| Hungary | 7.99 | 133 |
| India | 18.76 | 68 |
| Indonesia | 19.37 | 65 |
| Iran | 24.31 | 41 |
| Iraq | 36.33 | 8 |
| Ireland | 16.55 | 79 |
| Israel | 18.66 | 69 |
| Italy | 15.55 | 87 |
| Ivory Coast | 33.87 | 17 |
| Jamaica | 20.14 | 58 |
| Japan | 10.15 | 120 |
| Jordan | 22.25 | 47 |
| Kazakhstan | 9.84 | 124 |
| Kenya | 34.22 | 15 |
| Kosovo | 14.12 | 96 |
| Kuwait | 15.38 | 89 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 10.93 | 117 |
| Laos | 17.83 | 72 |
| Latvia | 9.32 | 130 |
| Lebanon | 15.25 | 90 |
| Lesotho | 34.45 | 14 |
| Liberia | 46.64 | 1 |
| Libya | 29.39 | 29 |
| Lithuania | 13.61 | 99 |
| Luxembourg | 18.40 | 70 |
| Macedonia | 19.59 | 63 |
| Madagascar | 31.07 | 24 |
| Malawi | 40.58 | 4 |
| Malaysia | 19.86 | 62 |
| Mali | 24.62 | 39 |
| Malta | 13.80 | 97 |
| Mauritania | 20.13 | 59 |
| Mauritius | 21.19 | 52 |
| Mexico | 19.05 | 67 |
| Moldova | 18.33 | 71 |
| Mongolia | 10.04 | 121 |
| Montenegro | 19.32 | 66 |
| Morocco | 25.60 | 35 |
| Mozambique | 40.65 | 3 |
| Myanmar | 11.41 | 113 |
| Namibia | 35.75 | 11 |
| Nepal | 28.74 | 31 |
| Netherlands | 15.44 | 88 |
| New Zealand | 15.90 | 86 |
| Nicaragua | 16.04 | 84 |
| Niger | 25.46 | 36 |
| Nigeria | 15.97 | 85 |
| Norway | 9.91 | 122 |
| Pakistan | 34.80 | 13 |
| Palestine | 21.65 | 50 |
| Panama | 23.51 | 43 |
| Paraguay | 20.56 | 57 |
| Peru | 24.75 | 38 |
| Philippines | 29.62 | 28 |
| Poland | 5.29 | 139 |
| Portugal | 16.82 | 77 |
| Romania | 8.06 | 131 |
| Russia | 9.34 | 129 |
| Rwanda | 32.09 | 20 |
| Saudi Arabia | 16.70 | 78 |
| Senegal | 34.03 | 16 |
| Serbia | 11.03 | 115 |
| Sierra Leone | 35.59 | 12 |
| Singapore | 3.91 | 141 |
| Slovakia | 13.52 | 100 |
| Slovenia | 11.93 | 110 |
| South Africa | 32.63 | 18 |
| South Korea | 9.58 | 127 |
| Spain | 16.85 | 76 |
| Sri Lanka | 13.50 | 101 |
| Swaziland | 31.34 | 22 |
| Sweden | 13.36 | 103 |
| Switzerland | 11.72 | 112 |
| Taiwan | 6.95 | 136 |
| Tajikistan | 9.71 | 125 |
| Tanzania | 24.44 | 40 |
| Thailand | 10.33 | 119 |
| Gambia | 36.08 | 9 |
| Togo | 32.22 | 19 |
| Tunisia | 25.25 | 37 |
| Turkey | 14.59 | 94 |
| Turkmenistan | 4.44 | 140 |
| Uganda | 36.97 | 5 |
| Ukraine | 7.43 | 135 |
| United Arab Emirates | 16.38 | 81 |
| United Kingdom | 13.69 | 98 |
| United States | 19.99 | 61 |
| Uruguay | 14.99 | 92 |
| Uzbekistan | 3.80 | 142 |
| Venezuela | 29.82 | 27 |
| Vietnam | 11.97 | 109 |
| Yemen | 27.37 | 32 |
| Zambia | 46.17 | 2 |
| Zimbabwe | 23.61 | 42 |
The Government Safety Performance Index
| Nation | Trust Index | Trust Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 28.60 | 139 |
| Albania | 42.12 | 122 |
| Algeria | 48.88 | 111 |
| Argentina | 47.41 | 113 |
| Armenia | 56.67 | 89 |
| Australia | 81.32 | 17 |
| Austria | 77.81 | 25 |
| Azerbaijan | 63.93 | 61 |
| Bahrain | 90.17 | 3 |
| Bangladesh | 70.29 | 40 |
| Belarus | 64.75 | 59 |
| Belgium | 66.57 | 54 |
| Benin | 68.67 | 45 |
| Bolivia | 61.44 | 74 |
| Bosnia Herzegovina | 39.65 | 126 |
| Botswana | 81.24 | 18 |
| Brazil | 50.29 | 103 |
| Bulgaria | 40.26 | 124 |
| Burkina Faso | 64.84 | 58 |
| Cambodia | 62.88 | 66 |
| Cameroon | 50.21 | 104 |
| Canada | 79.32 | 20 |
| Chad | 46.65 | 115 |
| Chile | 38.97 | 128 |
| China | 80.03 | 19 |
| Colombia | 60.93 | 75 |
| Congo Brazzaville | 46.49 | 116 |
| Costa Rica | 74.87 | 30 |
| Croatia | 36.51 | 131 |
| Cyprus | 54.11 | 97 |
| Denmark | 81.36 | 16 |
| Dominican Republic | 67.41 | 50 |
| Ecuador | 59.22 | 82 |
| Egypt | 61.79 | 73 |
| El Salvador | 75.46 | 28 |
| Estonia | 60.08 | 78 |
| Ethiopia | 49.44 | 107 |
| Finland | 77.88 | 24 |
| France | 57.63 | 86 |
| Gabon | 36.44 | 132 |
| Georgia | 49.06 | 109 |
| Germany | 69.31 | 44 |
| Ghana | 62.45 | 68 |
| Greece | 45.43 | 117 |
| Guatemala | 62.85 | 67 |
| Guinea | 50.84 | 102 |
| Honduras | 59.28 | 80 |
| Hong Kong | 73.67 | 33 |
| Hungary | 74.41 | 31 |
| India | 73.35 | 34 |
| Indonesia | 86.74 | 6 |
| Iran | 64.29 | 60 |
| Iraq | 31.56 | 137 |
| Ireland | 75.19 | 29 |
| Israel | 67.89 | 49 |
| Italy | 57.47 | 87 |
| Ivory Coast | 66.62 | 53 |
| Jamaica | 58.20 | 84 |
| Japan | 71.17 | 38 |
| Jordan | 66.49 | 55 |
| Kazakhstan | 69.34 | 43 |
| Kenya | 69.38 | 42 |
| Kosovo | 46.67 | 114 |
| Kuwait | 86.95 | 5 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 56.22 | 91 |
| Laos | 54.89 | 94 |
| Latvia | 49.39 | 108 |
| Lebanon | 29.04 | 138 |
| Lesotho | 38.53 | 129 |
| Liberia | 43.22 | 121 |
| Libya | 61.95 | 70 |
| Lithuania | 44.79 | 119 |
| Luxembourg | 81.80 | 15 |
| Macedonia | 50.02 | 105 |
| Madagascar | 67.32 | 51 |
| Malawi | 59.03 | 83 |
| Malaysia | 82.79 | 12 |
| Mali | 51.68 | 100 |
| Malta | 81.84 | 14 |
| Mauritania | 33.79 | 134 |
| Mauritius | 73.18 | 36 |
| Mexico | 59.61 | 79 |
| Moldova | 44.46 | 120 |
| Mongolia | 47.62 | 112 |
| Montenegro | 40.76 | 123 |
| Morocco | 38.43 | 130 |
| Mozambique | 72.61 | 37 |
| Myanmar | 63.78 | 62 |
| Namibia | 63.21 | 65 |
| Nepal | 54.60 | 95 |
| Netherlands | 84.80 | 9 |
| New Zealand | 79.31 | 21 |
| Nicaragua | 76.15 | 26 |
| Niger | 57.45 | 88 |
| Nigeria | 49.05 | 110 |
| Norway | 78.29 | 23 |
| Pakistan | 49.91 | 106 |
| Palestine | 60.88 | 76 |
| Panama | 70.38 | 39 |
| Paraguay | 39.87 | 125 |
| Peru | 51.37 | 101 |
| Philippines | 87.35 | 4 |
| Poland | 57.96 | 85 |
| Portugal | 66.21 | 56 |
| Romania | 32.77 | 136 |
| Russia | 45.24 | 118 |
| Rwanda | 84.92 | 8 |
| Senegal | 56.26 | 90 |
| Serbia | 55.55 | 92 |
| Sierra Leone | 59.27 | 81 |
| Singapore | 93.03 | 1 |
| Slovakia | 61.95 | 71 |
| Slovenia | 67.93 | 48 |
| South Africa | 63.60 | 63 |
| South Korea | 63.34 | 64 |
| Spain | 62.07 | 69 |
| Sri Lanka | 74.27 | 32 |
| Swaziland | 78.52 | 22 |
| Sweden | 84.72 | 10 |
| Switzerland | 85.52 | 7 |
| Taiwan | 68.67 | 46 |
| Tajikistan | 82.01 | 13 |
| Tanzania | 73.29 | 35 |
| Thailand | 60.24 | 77 |
| Gambia | 66.70 | 52 |
| Togo | 53.11 | 98 |
| Tunisia | 39.24 | 127 |
| Turkey | 54.57 | 96 |
| Uganda | 61.85 | 72 |
| Ukraine | 32.98 | 135 |
| United Arab Emirates | 92.76 | 2 |
| United Kingdom | 75.48 | 27 |
| United States | 69.48 | 41 |
| Uruguay | 68.63 | 47 |
| Uzbekistan | 83.12 | 11 |
| Venezuela | 34.90 | 133 |
| Vietnam | 65.91 | 57 |
| Yemen | 25.27 | 140 |
| Zambia | 51.80 | 99 |
| Zimbabwe | 55.11 | 93 |
The World Worry Index
| Nation | Worry Index | Worry Rank |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 44.04 | 65 |
| Albania | 49.47 | 39 |
| Algeria | 42.53 | 73 |
| Argentina | 43.35 | 68 |
| Armenia | 31.77 | 121 |
| Australia | 28.83 | 131 |
| Austria | 36.40 | 99 |
| Azerbaijan | 35.13 | 105 |
| Bahrain | 34.04 | 110 |
| Bangladesh | 49.26 | 42 |
| Belarus | 30.33 | 127 |
| Belgium | 36.33 | 100 |
| Benin | 56.21 | 23 |
| Bolivia | 49.74 | 37 |
| Bosnia Herzegovina | 33.71 | 112 |
| Botswana | 48.67 | 44 |
| Brazil | 58.34 | 13 |
| Bulgaria | 31.64 | 122 |
| Burkina Faso | 54.13 | 27 |
| Cambodia | 47.14 | 51 |
| Cameroon | 50.46 | 35 |
| Canada | 32.31 | 119 |
| Chad | 56.59 | 21 |
| Chile | 54.63 | 25 |
| China | 30.92 | 125 |
| Colombia | 49.40 | 41 |
| Congo Brazzaville | 59.90 | 6 |
| Costa Rica | 41.83 | 78 |
| Croatia | 33.34 | 115 |
| Cyprus | 51.64 | 32 |
| Denmark | 22.64 | 139 |
| Dominican Republic | 42.77 | 72 |
| Ecuador | 52.95 | 30 |
| Egypt | 37.43 | 97 |
| El Salvador | 41.66 | 80 |
| Estonia | 25.71 | 137 |
| Ethiopia | 35.49 | 104 |
| Finland | 26.18 | 135 |
| France | 41.13 | 85 |
| Gabon | 60.56 | 4 |
| Georgia | 34.14 | 108 |
| Germany | 36.33 | 100 |
| Ghana | 54.57 | 26 |
| Greece | 42.22 | 76 |
| Guatemala | 45.96 | 58 |
| Guinea | 62.76 | 2 |
| Honduras | 41.99 | 77 |
| Hong Kong | 38.00 | 94 |
| Hungary | 29.19 | 129 |
| India | 39.25 | 88 |
| Indonesia | 46.90 | 53 |
| Iran | 37.74 | 95 |
| Iraq | 49.24 | 43 |
| Ireland | 35.63 | 103 |
| Israel | 28.98 | 130 |
| Italy | 44.97 | 61 |
| Ivory Coast | 59.07 | 10 |
| Jamaica | 49.66 | 38 |
| Japan | 44.28 | 63 |
| Jordan | 43.66 | 66 |
| Kazakhstan | 33.48 | 114 |
| Kenya | 47.21 | 50 |
| Kosovo | 43.02 | 70 |
| Kuwait | 34.64 | 107 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 43.09 | 69 |
| Laos | 42.28 | 75 |
| Latvia | 33.51 | 113 |
| Lebanon | 47.98 | 46 |
| Lesotho | 60.56 | 4 |
| Liberia | 58.22 | 14 |
| Libya | 39.62 | 87 |
| Lithuania | 26.04 | 136 |
| Luxembourg | 38.61 | 92 |
| Macedonia | 48.58 | 45 |
| Madagascar | 41.74 | 79 |
| Malawi | 62.59 | 3 |
| Malaysia | 49.46 | 40 |
| Mali | 57.40 | 18 |
| Malta | 35.89 | 102 |
| Mauritania | 46.98 | 52 |
| Mauritius | 56.38 | 22 |
| Mexico | 45.80 | 59 |
| Moldova | 47.87 | 48 |
| Mongolia | 53.82 | 28 |
| Montenegro | 41.22 | 84 |
| Morocco | 53.12 | 29 |
| Mozambique | 64.84 | 1 |
| Myanmar | 50.58 | 34 |
| Namibia | 50.32 | 36 |
| Nepal | 47.96 | 47 |
| Netherlands | 28.10 | 133 |
| New Zealand | 31.34 | 123 |
| Nicaragua | 33.24 | 117 |
| Niger | 41.55 | 81 |
| Nigeria | 39.15 | 90 |
| Norway | 23.16 | 138 |
| Pakistan | 59.12 | 9 |
| Palestine | 42.47 | 74 |
| Panama | 46.35 | 56 |
| Paraguay | 43.46 | 67 |
| Peru | 57.64 | 17 |
| Philippines | 59.21 | 8 |
| Poland | 29.34 | 128 |
| Portugal | 52.05 | 31 |
| Romania | 41.10 | 86 |
| Russia | 36.63 | 98 |
| Rwanda | 46.16 | 57 |
| Saudi Arabia | 33.81 | 111 |
| Senegal | 58.89 | 11 |
| Serbia | 33.29 | 116 |
| Sierra Leone | 56.00 | 24 |
| Singapore | 20.15 | 141 |
| Slovakia | 32.81 | 118 |
| Slovenia | 37.58 | 96 |
| South Africa | 57.96 | 15 |
| South Korea | 46.62 | 54 |
| Spain | 45.52 | 60 |
| Sri Lanka | 39.19 | 89 |
| Swaziland | 59.24 | 7 |
| Sweden | 18.75 | 142 |
| Switzerland | 31.32 | 124 |
| Taiwan | 41.46 | 83 |
| Tajikistan | 28.07 | 134 |
| Tanzania | 44.11 | 64 |
| Thailand | 38.53 | 93 |
| Gambia | 57.37 | 19 |
| Togo | 56.96 | 20 |
| Tunisia | 42.96 | 71 |
| Turkey | 46.54 | 55 |
| Turkmenistan | 30.68 | 126 |
| Uganda | 50.82 | 33 |
| Ukraine | 34.65 | 106 |
| United Arab Emirates | 28.59 | 132 |
| United Kingdom | 32.26 | 120 |
| United States | 34.10 | 109 |
| Uruguay | 41.47 | 82 |
| Uzbekistan | 21.66 | 140 |
| Venezuela | 57.66 | 16 |
| Vietnam | 44.41 | 62 |
| Yemen | 38.77 | 91 |
| Zambia | 58.77 | 12 |
| Zimbabwe | 47.30 | 49 |