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of internet users across all parts of the world, socio-economic groups and all ages, regard false information, or ‘fake news’, as a major concern.
The countries most concerned by fake news were Malawi, where the worry was cited by 87 per cent of people who use the internet, Rwanda by 87 per cent, Bolivia by 84 per cent , Uganda by 83 per cent and Senegal by 83 per cent. However, the poll also reveals that a significant minority of the world are not aware of the risk of fake news. People were asked which of three risks they worry about when using the internet or social media.
(% of each country’s internet users)
The number of people not worried about fake news is a threat to safety. If you aren't aware that information can be wrong, you are at risk. It is vital, as more and more people access the internet, that people are equipped with the skills to enable them to question the validity of the information they see online.
Online fraud, although one of the world’s most costly illegal activities financially, is seen as the second biggest threat to internet users after disinformation. Online fraud costs the world $600 billion per year, 0.8 per cent of global GDP (Center for Strategic and International Studies) mostly via scams eliciting personal information such account passwords or credit card information.
Worldwide, 45 per cent of internet users said they worry about online fraud. Unlike concerns about online bullying or disinformation, internet users’ likelihood to worry about fraud rises with their age and education level. Forty-two per cent of 15-29 year olds worry about online fraud, 45 per cent of 30-49 year olds and 50 per cent of 50-64 years. Fifty-five per cent of over-65s worry about this.
Regionally, Western Europeans were particularly likely to worry about fraud including at least two thirds of internet users in Portugal (78 per cent), France (74 per cent), Spain (71 per cent), the UK (69 per cent) and Italy (67 per cent).
Unlike concerns about false information, worry about fraud and online bullying are affected by age.
Understanding people’s fears, means we can work with technology companies and regulators to ensure they understand the importance of protecting human rights through the technology they develop, in order to make people feel safe as well as be safe. It also allows us to equip people with the knowledge to know where the risks as well as the benefits of technology exist.
Internet users’ third greatest concern is online bullying. Overall, 30 per cent of internet users say that they worry about bullying. Concern is divided by age, with a third of internet users aged between 15 to 29 years (34 per cent) worrying about bullying, but only 21 per cent of those aged 65 and over.
Low-income economies generally have a higher proportion of younger people in their populations, and high proportions of younger people use the internet. The World Risk Poll shows that in low-income economies, 54 per cent of internet users worry about online bullying but only 35 per cent in lower middle-income economies, 31 per cent in upper middle-income economies and 23 per cent in high-income economies.
The poll results show that cyber risk is one area of life where people are highly sensitised to potential harm. Sustained risk education campaigns and high-profile media stories have covered topics such as data theft, online fraud, bullying and the widespread presence of disinformation and fake claims. People are alert to the risks – the challenge is to empower them to protect themselves as cyber threats rapidly evolve.
Despite the potentially transformative safety benefits artificial intelligence (AI) could bring to vehicles by reducing crashes causes by human error, distraction or fatigue, almost two thirds (65%) of people across the world would not feel safe being driven in a car without a human driver.
Morocco’s overall World Risk Poll Resilience Index score declined by seven points to 44 between 2021 and 2023.
USC research team will use research from the 142-country poll to help international humanitarian organisations improve risk communications and intervention programmes.
